Article 78
Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority
(55) Whereas, if the controller fails to respect the rights of data subjects, national legislation must provide for a judicial remedy; whereas any damage which a person may suffer as a result of unlawful processing must be compensated for by the controller, who may be exempted from liability if he proves that he is not responsible for the damage, in particular in cases where he establishes fault on the part of the data subject or in case of force majeure; whereas sanctions must be imposed on any person, whether governed by private of public law, who fails to comply with the national measures taken under this Directive;
Regulation
Art. 78 1. Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each natural or legal person shall have the right to an effective judicial remedy against a legally binding decision of a supervisory authority concerning them. 2. Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each data subject shall have the right to a an effective judicial remedy where the supervisory authority which is competent pursuant to Articles 55 and 56 does not handle a complaint or does not inform the data subject within three months on the progress or outcome of the complaint lodged pursuant to Article 77. 3. Proceedings against a supervisory authority shall be brought before the courts of the Member State where the supervisory authority is established. 4. Where proceedings are brought against a decision of a supervisory authority which was preceded by an opinion or a decision of the Board in the consistency mechanism, the supervisory authority shall forward that opinion or decision to the court. |
Directive
Art. 28 (…) 3. (…) Decisions by the supervisory authority which give rise to complaints may be appealed against through the courts. |
Denmark
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Netherlands
Art. 46 WBP 1. Indien een beslissing als bedoeld in artikel 45 is genomen door een ander dan een bestuursorgaan, kan de belanghebbende zich tot de rechtbank wenden met het schriftelijk verzoek, de verantwoordelijke te bevelen alsnog een verzoek als bedoeld in de artikelen 30, derde lid, 35, 36 of 38, tweede lid, toe of af te wijzen dan wel een verzet als bedoeld in de artikelen 40 of 41 al dan niet te honoreren. 2. Het verzoekschrift moet worden ingediend binnen zes weken na ontvangst van het antwoord van de verantwoordelijke. Indien de verantwoordelijke niet binnen de gestelde termijn heeft geantwoord, moet het verzoekschrift worden ingediend binnen zes weken na afloop van die termijn. 3. De rechtbank wijst het verzoek toe, voor zover zij dit gegrond oordeelt. Alvorens de rechtbank beslist, stelt zij zo nodig de belanghebbenden in de gelegenheid hun zienswijze naar voren te brengen. 4. De indiening van het verzoekschrift behoeft niet door een advocaat te geschieden. 5. De derde afdeling van de vijfde titel van het Tweede Boek van het Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering is van overeenkomstige toepassing. 6. De rechtbank kan partijen en anderen verzoeken binnen een door haar te bepalen termijn schriftelijke inlichtingen te geven en onder hen berustende stukken in te zenden. De verantwoordelijke en belanghebbende zijn verplicht aan dit verzoek te voldoen. De artikelen 8:45, tweede en derde lid, en 8:29 van de Algemene wet bestuursrecht zijn van overeenkomstige toepassing. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 46 1. Where a decision as referred to in Section 45 is taken by a body other than an administrative body, the interested party may file a written application with the court to order the controller to grant or refuse a request as referred to in Sections 30 (3), 35, 36 or 38 (2) or to allow or reject an objection as referred to in Sections 40 or 41. 2. The application must be filed within six weeks of receipt of the controller’s answer. If the controller has not answered within the stipulated time limit, the application must be filed within six weeks from that time limit. 3. The court will grant the request in so far as it deems it well-founded. Before the court takes a decision, it will, where necessary, give the interested parties the opportunity to put their points of view forward. 4. The application does not have to be filed by a lawyer. 5. Division 3 of Title 5 of Book 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure applies equally. 6. The court may request parties and others to submit written information and documents they hold within a time limit set by the court. The controller and the interested party must comply with this request. Section 8:45 (2) and (3) and Section 8:29 of the General Administrative Law Act apply equally. |