Artikkel 28
Processor

Offisielle tekster Retningslinjer Beslutninger Vurderinger
EU-regulering
Vurderinger
nasj. regulering
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(81) To ensure compliance with the requirements of this Regulation in respect of the processing to be carried out by the processor on behalf of the controller, when entrusting a processor with processing activities, the controller should use only processors providing sufficient guarantees, in particular in terms of expert knowledge, reliability and resources, to implement technical and organisational measures which will meet the requirements of this Regulation, including for the security of processing. The adherence of the processor to an approved code of conduct or an approved certification mechanism may be used as an element to demonstrate compliance with the obligations of the controller. The carrying-out of processing by a processor should be governed by a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, binding the processor to the controller, setting out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purposes of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects, taking into account the specific tasks and responsibilities of the processor in the context of the processing to be carried out and the risk to the rights and freedoms of the data subject. The controller and processor may choose to use an individual contract or standard contractual clauses which are adopted either directly by the Commission or by a supervisory authority in accordance with the consistency mechanism and then adopted by the Commission. After the completion of the processing on behalf of the controller, the processor should, at the choice of the controller, return or delete the personal data, unless there is a requirement to store the personal data under Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject.

Det finnes ingen fortaletekst i direktivet relatert til art. 28.

GDPR

Article 4 (8) defines the processor using the definition already available in the Directive. The processor is: “a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller”.

Article 28 of the Regulation extends the previous duties of controllers and processors while organizing a separate regime for their duties for security referred to in Article 32 et seq.

As before, the controller can only choose contractors with sufficient safeguards with respect to taking of appropriate technical and operational measures to meet the requirements of the Regulation and to ensure protection of the rights of the data subject.

The principle is still that of a specific contract between the controller and the processor, or by another specific legal act provided for the needs of the Union or of a Member State, binding the subcontractor and the controller. On the other hand, the content of the written contract - including an electronically format is extended. In addition to information on the processing itself (purpose, scope and duration of processing, etc.), the contract provides for the commitment of the processor to comply with a range of duties vis-à-vis to the controller, namely:

- to process the personal data only on documented instructions from the controller – which was already provided – but these instructions will now be specifically documented - in particular the transfers of data to third countries – by the controller. An exception is made for the legal duties which would subject the contractor who will be the subject of specific information by the processor, except for a justified legal exception for important reasons of public interest;

This duty is also reflected in Article 32 requiring the controller to take measures to ensure that anyone who has access to data under the authority of the controller or the processor can process them only on their instructions, unless required to do so by the law of a member State or a rule of the EU and provided that they inform the controller accordingly, unless such information is prohibited for important reasons of public interest.

- to ensure that persons authorised to process the personal data have committed themselves to confidentiality ;

- to respect the conditions referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 for engaging another processor (see below);

- to assist the controller for the fulfilment of the controller's obligation to respond to requests for exercising the data subject's rights;

- to assist the controller in ensuring compliance with the obligations pursuant to Articles 32 to 36 of the Regulation;

- at the choice of the controller, to delete or return all the personal data to the controller after the end of the provision of services;

- to make available to the controller all information necessary to demonstrate compliance with Article 28 and allow for and contribute to audits, including inspections, conducted by the controller or another auditor mandated by the controller.

Article 28 also requires the processor to immediately report to the controller if, in its opinion, an instruction infringes this Regulation or other Union or Member State data protection provisions.

In addition to the duties provided for by the Directive, the Regulation organizes the question of processing entrusted to third parties - secondary processors by the direct processor of the processing controller, very common cases in practice. Thus, the possibility left to the secondary processor of the processor itself will be subject to a prior written consent (specific or general) by the controller. In the case of a written general authorization, the direct processor must inform the controller, prior to any change of the "secondary" processor to enable the controller to object.

In addition, this secondary processor contract must comply with the rules applicable to the content of the contract entered into between the controller and the main processor (Art. 28 (4)). Where that other processor fails to fulfil its data protection obligations, the initial processor shall remain fully liable to the controller for the performance of that other processor's obligations.

Adherence of a processor to an approved code of conduct as referred to in Article 40 or an approved certification mechanism as referred to in Article 42 may be used as an element by which the processor shall demonstrate sufficient guarantees.

The Regulation expressly provides the possibility of using standard contractual clauses provided by various sources as the basis of the specific contract between the controller and the processor (included in a procedure of certification, of the Commission or the supervisory authorities). The Commission is also empowered to establish standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4, in accordance with the consistency mechanism referred to in Article 63.

Finally, the last version of the Regulation specifically indicates that if a processor infringes this Regulation by determining the purposes and means of processing, the processor shall be considered to be a controller in respect of that processing.

Direktivet

Article 17 of the Directive organized the system of processors as part of the security obligations. The Directive provided that the controller who acts through a processor should ensure that such processor provides sufficient guarantees as to the implementation and the compliance with the security measures to be implemented.

A binding legal contract or act should bind the controller and the processor, the latter having to state in particular that he or she will act only on instructions from the controller, as well as the safety measures he or she had to take.

Utfordringer

The precision and the extension of contractual clauses, extensive references to the links to the secondary processor impose to the controllers to review all their relations with their processors and to amend extensively the previous contracts. Often, in practice, general references were contained in only one style clause inserted in the service provision contract. The processor - often a technology provider - must attach more importance to the data protection and the obligations that go beyond the simple measures of security, but requires a much more professional contract management.

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Art. 28

1.   Where processing is to be carried out on behalf of a controller, the controller shall use only processors providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures in such a manner that processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation and ensure the protection of the rights of the data subject.

2.   The processor shall not engage another processor without prior specific or general written authorisation of the controller. In the case of general written authorisation, the processor shall inform the controller of any intended changes concerning the addition or replacement of other processors, thereby giving the controller the opportunity to object to such changes.

3.   Processing by a processor shall be governed by a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, that is binding on the processor with regard to the controller and that sets out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purpose of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects and the obligations and rights of the controller. That contract or other legal act shall stipulate, in particular, that the processor:

a) processes the personal data only on documented instructions from the controller, including with regard to transfers of personal data to a third country or an international organisation, unless required to do so by Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject; in such a case, the processor shall inform the controller of that legal requirement before processing, unless that law prohibits such information on important grounds of public interest;

b) ensures that persons authorised to process the personal data have committed themselves to confidentiality or are under an appropriate statutory obligation of confidentiality;

c) takes all measures required pursuant to Article 32;

d) respects the conditions referred to in paragraph 2 ans 4 for engaging another processor

e) taking into account the nature of the processing, assists the controller by appropriate technical and organisational measures, insofar as this is possible, for the fulfilment of the controller's obligation to respond to requests for exercising the data subject's rights laid down in Chapter III

f) assists the controller in ensuring compliance with the obligations pursuant to Articles 32 to 36 taking into account the nature of processing and the information available to the processor

g) at the choice of the controller, deletes or returns all the personal data to the controller after the end of the provision of services relating to processing, and deletes existing copies unless Union or Member State law requires storage of the personal data

h) makes available to the controller all information necessary to demonstrate compliance with the obligations laid down in this Article and allow for and contribute to audits, including inspections, conducted by the controller or another auditor mandated by the controller.

With regard to point (h) of the first subparagraph, the processor shall immediately inform the controller if, in its opinion, an instruction infringes this Regulation or other Union or Member State data protection provisions.

4.   Where a processor engages another processor for carrying out specific processing activities on behalf of the controller, the same data protection obligations as set out in the contract or other legal act between the controller and the processor as referred to in paragraph 3 shall be imposed on that other processor by way of a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, in particular providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures in such a manner that the processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation. Where that other processor fails to fulfil its data protection obligations, the initial processor shall remain fully liable to the controller for the performance of that other processor's obligations.

5.   Adherence of a processor to an approved code of conduct as referred to in Article 40 or an approved certification mechanism as referred to in Article 42 may be used as an element by which to demonstrate sufficient guarantees as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 4 of this Article.

6.   Without prejudice to an individual contract between the controller and the processor, the contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article may be based, in whole or in part, on standard contractual clauses referred to in paragraphs 7 and 8 of this Article, including when they are part of a certification granted to the controller or processor pursuant to Articles 42 and 43.

7.   The Commission may lay down standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 93(2).

8.   A supervisory authority may adopt standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the consistency mechanism referred to in Article 63.

9.   The contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be in writing, including in electronic form.

10.   Without prejudice to Articles 82, 83 and 84, if a processor infringes this Regulation by determining the purposes and means of processing, the processor shall be considered to be a controller in respect of that processing.

1. forslag close

Art. 26

1.           Where a processing operation is to be carried out on behalf of a controller, the controller shall choose a processor providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures and procedures in such a way that the processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation and ensure the protection of the rights of the data subject, in particular in respect of the technical security measures and organizational measures governing the processing to be carried out and shall ensure compliance with those measures.

2.           The carrying out of processing by a processor shall be governed by a contract or other legal act binding the processor to the controller and stipulating in particular that the processor shall:

(a)     act only on instructions from the controller, in particular, where the transfer of the personal data used is prohibited;

(b)     employ only staff who have committed themselves to confidentiality or are under a statutory obligation of confidentiality;

(c)     take all required measures pursuant to Article 30;

(d)     enlist another processor only with the prior permission of the controller;

(e)     insofar as this is possible given the nature of the processing, create in agreement with the controller the necessary technical and organisational requirements for the fulfilment of the controller’s obligation to respond to requests for exercising the data subject’s rights laid down in Chapter III;

(f)      assist the controller in ensuring compliance with the obligations pursuant to Articles 30 to 34;

(g)     hand over all results to the controller after the end of the processing and not process the personal data otherwise;

(h)     make available to the controller and the supervisory authority all information necessary to control compliance with the obligations laid down in this Article.

3.           The controller and the processor shall document in writing the controller's instructions and the processor's obligations referred to in paragraph 2.

4.           If a processor processes personal data other than as instructed by the controller, the processor shall be considered to be a controller in respect of that processing and shall be subject to the rules on joint controllers laid down in Article 24.

5.           The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 86 for the purpose of further specifying the criteria and requirements for the responsibilities, duties and tasks in relation to a processor in line with paragraph 1, and conditions which allow facilitating the processing of personal data within a group of undertakings, in particular for the purposes of control and reporting.

2. forslag close

1. (...). The controller shall use only processors providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures (...) in such a way that the processing will meet the requirements of th is Regulation (...).

1a. The processor shall not enlist another processor without the prior specific or general written consent of the controller. In the latter case, the processor should always inform the controller on any intended changes concerning the addition or replacement of other processors, thereby giving the opportunity to the controller to object to such changes.

1b. (...)

2. The carrying out of processing by a processor shall be governed by a contract or a legal act under Union or Member State law binding the processor to the controller, setting out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purpose of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects, the rights of the controller (...) and stipulating, in particular that the processor shall:

(a) process the personal data only on instructions from the controller (...), unless required to do so by Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject; in such a case, the processor shall inform the controller of that legal requirement before processing the data, unless that law prohibits such information on important grounds of public interest;

(b) (...)

(c) take all (...) measures required pursuant to Article 30;

(d) respect the conditions for enlisting another processor (...), such as a requirement of specific prior permission of the controller;

(e) (...) taking into account the nature of the processing, assist the controller in responding to requests for exercising the data subject’s rights laid down in Chapter III;

(f) (...) assist the controller in ensuring compliance with the obligations pursuant to Articles 30 to 34;

(g) return or delete, at the choice of the controller, the personal data upon the termination of the provision of data processing services specified in the contract or other legal act, unless there is a requirement to store the data under Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject;

(h) make available to the controller (...) all information necessary to demonstrate compliance with the obligations laid down in this Article and allow for and contribute to audits conducted by the controller. The processor shall immediately inform the controller if, in his opinion, an instruction breaches this Regulation or Union or Member State data protection provisions.

2a. Where a processor enlists (...) another processor for carrying out specific processing activities on behalf of the controller, the same data protection obligations as set out in the contract or other legal act between the cont roller and the processor as referred to in paragraph 2 shall be imposed on that other processor by way of a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, in particular providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and or ganisational measures in such a way that the processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation. Where that other processor fails to fulfil its data protection obligations, the initial processor shall remain fully liable to the controller for the performance of that other processor's obligations.

2aa. Adherence of the processor to an approved code of conduct pursuant to Article 38 or an approved certification mechanism pursuant to Article 39 may be used as an element to demonstrate sufficient guarantees referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2a.

2ab. Without prejudice to an individual contract between the controller and the processor, the contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 2 and 2a may be based, in whole or in part, on standard contractual clauses referred to in paragraphs 2b and 2c or on standard contractual clauses which are part of a certification granted to the controller or processor pursuant to Articles 39 and 39a.

2b. The Commission may lay down standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 2 and 2a and in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 87(2).

2c. A supervisory authority may adopt standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 2 and 2a and in accordance with the consistency mechanism referred to in Article 57.

3. The contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 2 and 2a shall be in writing, including in an electronic form.

4. (...)

5. (...)

Direktiv close

Art. 17

(…)

2. The Member States shall provide that the controller must, where processing is carried out on his behalf, choose a processor providing sufficient guarantees in respect of the technical security measures and organizational measures governing the processing to be carried out, and must ensure compliance with those measures.

3. The carrying out of processing by way of a processor must be governed by a contract or legal act binding the processor to the controller and stipulating in particular that:

- the processor shall act only on instructions from the controller,

- the obligations set out in paragraph 1, as defined by the law of the Member State in which the processor is established, shall also be incumbent on the processor.

4. For the purposes of keeping proof, the parts of the contract or the legal act relating to data protection and the requirements relating to the measures referred to in paragraph 1 shall be in writing or in another equivalent form.

Art. 28

Databehandler

1. Dersom en behandling skal utføres på vegne av en behandlingsansvarlig, skal den behandlingsansvarlige bare bruke databehandlere som gir tilstrekkelige garantier for at de vil gjennomføre egnede tekniske og organisatoriske tiltak som sikrer at behandlingen oppfyller kravene i denne forordning og vern av den registrertes rettigheter.

2. Databehandleren skal ikke engasjere en annen databehandler uten at det på forhånd er innhentet særlig eller generell skriftlig tillatelse til dette fra den behandlingsansvarlige. Dersom det er innhentet en generell skriftlig tillatelse, skal databehandleren underrette den behandlingsansvarlige om eventuelle planer om å benytte andre databehandlere eller skifte ut databehandlere, og dermed gi den behandlingsansvarlige muligheten til å motsette seg slike endringer.

3. Behandling utført av en databehandler skal være underlagt en avtale eller et annet rettslig dokument i henhold til unionsretten eller medlemsstatenes nasjonale rett som er bindende for databehandleren med hensyn til den behandlingsansvarlige, og der gjenstanden for og varigheten av behandlingen, behandlingens art og formål, typen personopplysninger og kategorier av registrerte samt den behandlingsansvarliges rettigheter og plikter er fastsatt. I nevnte avtale eller nevnte andre rettslige dokument skal det særlig angis at databehandleren

a) behandler personopplysningene bare på dokumenterte instrukser fra den behandlingsansvarlige, herunder med hensyn til overføring av personopplysninger til en tredjestat eller en internasjonal organisasjon, med mindre det kreves i henhold til unionsretten eller medlemsstatenes nasjonale rett som databehandleren er underlagt; i så fall skal databehandleren underrette den behandlingsansvarlige om nevnte rettslige krav før behandlingen, men mindre denne rett av hensyn til viktige allmenne interesser forbyr en slik underretning,

b) sikrer at personer som er autorisert til å behandle personopplysningene, har forpliktet seg til å behandle opplysningene konfidensielt eller er underlagt en egnet lovfestet taushetsplikt,

c) treffer alle tiltak som er nødvendig i henhold til artikkel 32,

d) overholder vilkårene nevnt i nr. 2 og 4 når det gjelder å engasjere en annen databehandler,

e) idet det tas hensyn til behandlingens art og i den grad det er mulig, bistår, ved hjelp av egnede tekniske og organisatoriske tiltak, den behandlingsansvarlige med å oppfylle vedkommendes plikt til å svare på anmodninger som den registrerte inngir med henblikk på å utøve sine rettigheter fastsatt i kapittel III,

f) bistår den behandlingsansvarlige med å sikre overholdelse av forpliktelsene i henhold til artikkel 32–36, idet det tas hensyn til behandlingens art og den informasjonen som er tilgjengelig for databehandleren,

g) etter den behandlingsansvarliges valg, sletter eller tilbakeleverer alle personopplysninger til den behandlingsansvarlige etter at tjenestene knyttet til behandlingen er levert, og sletter eksisterende kopier, med mindre unionsretten eller medlemsstatenes nasjonale rett krever at personopplysningene lagres,

h) gjør tilgjengelig for den behandlingsansvarlige all informasjon som er nødvendig for å påvise at forpliktelsene fastsatt i denne artikkel er oppfylt, samt muliggjør og bidrar til revisjoner, herunder inspeksjoner, som gjennomføres av den behandlingsansvarlige eller en annen inspektør på fullmakt fra den behandlingsansvarlige.

Når det gjelder første ledd bokstav h) skal databehandleren omgående underrette den behandlingsansvarlige dersom vedkommende mener at en instruks er i strid med denne forordning eller andre bestemmelser om vern av personopplysninger i unionsretten eller medlemsstatenes nasjonale rett.

4. Dersom en databehandler engasjerer en annen databehandler for å utføre spesifikke behandlingsaktiviteter på vegne av den behandlingsansvarlige, skal nevnte andre databehandler pålegges de samme forpliktelsene med hensyn til vern av personopplysninger som er fastsatt i avtalen eller i et annet rettslig dokument mellom den behandlingsansvarlige og databehandleren som nevnt i nr. 3, ved hjelp av en avtale eller et annet rettslig dokument i henhold til unionsretten eller medlemsstatenes nasjonale rett, der det særlig gis tilstrekkelige garantier for at det vil bli gjennomført tekniske og organisatoriske tiltak som sikrer at behandlingen oppfyller kravene i denne forordning. Dersom nevnte andre databehandler ikke oppfyller sine forpliktelser med hensyn til vern av personopplysninger, skal den opprinnelige databehandleren overfor den behandlingsansvarlige ha fullt ansvar for at nevnte andre databehandler oppfyller sine forpliktelser.

5. En databehandlers overholdelse av godkjente atferdsnormer som nevnt i artikkel 40 eller en godkjent sertifiseringsmekanisme som nevnt i artikkel 42 kan brukes som en faktor for å påvise at det foreligger tilstrekkelige garantier som nevnt i nr. 1 og 4 i denne artikkel.

6. Uten at det berører en individuell avtale mellom den behandlingsansvarlige og databehandleren, kan avtalen eller det andre rettslige dokumentet nevnt i nr. 3 og 4 i denne artikkel helt eller delvis bygge på standardavtalevilkårene nevnt i nr. 7 og 8 i denne artikkel, herunder når de inngår i en sertifisering som er gitt den behandlingsansvarlige eller databehandleren i henhold til artikkel 42 og 43.

7. Kommisjonen kan fastsette standardavtalevilkår for tilfellene nevnt i nr. 3 og 4 i denne artikkel og i samsvar med undersøkelsesprosedyren nevnt i artikkel 93 nr. 2.

8. En tilsynsmyndighet kan vedta standardavtalevilkår for tilfellene nevnt i nr. 3 og 4 i denne artikkel og i samsvar med konsistensmekanismen nevnt i artikkel 63.

9. Avtalen eller det andre rettslige dokumentet nevnt i nr. 3 og 4 skal være skriftlig, herunder elektronisk.

10. Dersom en databehandler overtrer bestemmelsene i denne forordning ved å fastsette formålene med og midlene for behandlingen, skal databehandleren anses for å være en behandlingsansvarlig med hensyn til nevnte behandling, uten at det berører artikkel 82, 83 og 84.

Gamle loven close

Pol. § 15 Databehandlerens rådighet over personopplysninger

En databehandler kan ikke behandle personopplysninger på annen måte enn det som er skriftlig avtalt med den behandlingsansvarlige. Opplysningene kan heller ikke uten slik avtale overlates til noen andre for lagring eller bearbeidelse.

I avtalen med den behandlingsansvarlige skal det også gå frem at databehandleren plikter å gjennomføre slike sikringstiltak som følger av § 13.

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